Inguinal hernia types radiology Given that abdominal hernias are a frequent imaging finding, radiologists not only are required to interpret the appearances of abdominal hernias but also should be comfortable with identifying associated complications and postrepair findings. It may occasionally be misdiagnosed as an inguinal hernia clinically 7. Richter hernias, also known as parietal hernias, (alternative plural: herniae) are an abdominal hernia where only a portion of the bowel wall is herniated and comprise 10% of strangulated hernias. arah R. The main obstacle in surgical approach to this type of hernias was-and still is-the fact that part of the Many types of surgical mesh material have been developed for repair of abdominal and pelvic hernias, prolapse, and incontinence, and radiologists should be aware of the complications and imaging fe Internal hernias (alternative plural: herniae) are protrusions of the viscera through the peritoneum or mesentery but remaining within the abdominal cavity. The most commonly used imaging for diagnosis is ultrasonography (USG), and which is also useful in distinguishing between Epidemiology. Inguinal hernias are the most common type of groin hernia, and can be further subdivided based on anatomic location: an indirect inguinal hernia protrudes lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels through the deep inguinal ring, whereas a Unlike the indirect type, direct inguinal hernia is commonly seen bilaterally. can rarely arise from the obturator artery. Since the first description by Italian surgeon and anatomist from Pavia, Antonio Scarpa in 1809 [] they were feared as a complicated surgical conditions. They are commonly incisional hernias and most Spigelian hernias are of this type. external hernias (e. Clinical presentation. It also covers the clinical features, investigations, complications and treatment options for inguinal hernias, which typically involves herniotomy (excision of the hernia sac) and herniorrhaphy or hernioplasty (strengthening of the posterior wall Hernias presenting superolateral to the inferior epigastric vessels are indirect inguinal hernias, whereas those arising inferomedial to these vessels are direct inguinal hernias. An external hernia (i. Therefore, they are often seen in the elderly with chronic conditions which increase intra-abdominal pressure over a long Epidemiology. Herniation of the bladder is seen in 1-3% of inguinal hernias. Most bladder Five-year results of inguinal hernia treatment with the Prolene Hernia System in a regional training hospital. 1 mm and the maximum diameter of the hernia sac (arrows in C) was 85. e. org (Accessed on 31 Mar 2025) https://doi. 1-2%) of ventral hernias 2,3. second most common cause of CLO result of surgical procedures (most commonly Roux-en-Y gastric bypass 6) or congenital defects. They often have a narrow funnel-shaped neck and may compress the femoral vein, causing engorgement of Herniation of the bladder is seen in 1-3% of inguinal hernias. Radiographic features CT. These hernias have a predilection for the right side 1. The statistical analysis was performed using R statistical software (version Finally, for patients undergoing radical prostatectomy—where the incidence of postoperative radical prostatectomy-related inguinal hernia (RPRIH) is 15–20%—Fukuta et al. 18 3. 5–5%, while in preterm infants 9–11%. The symptoms of an inguinal hernia can vary depending on the size of the hernia and whether it is causing Region—Part 1: Hernias, What the Radiologist Should Know. rectus sheath hernia. Thus, examples include: femoral with direct hernias, femoral with indirect hernias, indirect with direct hernias. It describes the clinical presentation, anatomy, and characteristic radiographic features of various internal hernia types including paraduodenal, pericecal, transmesenteric, lesser sac, broad ligament, supravesical, and Petersen hernias Ultrasound imaging can detect various types of hernias, including inguinal hernias, femoral hernias, and umbilical hernias, among others. Its role in evaluation of other types of ventral hernias is less clear; however, with minor modifications in technique, herniography is also useful in these cases. Femoral hernias are far more common in females, but nevertheless Richter hernias, also known as parietal hernias, (alternative plural: herniae) are an abdominal hernia where only a portion of the bowel wall is herniated and comprise 10% of strangulated hernias. The subtypes based on location are: inguinal hernia (involving the inguinal canal) direct inguinal hernia. Hernia type is determined by site of origin, which is limited to areas where aponeurosis and fascia are not protected by overlying striated muscle. Shabana is a Radiologist in the Department of Diagnostic Imaging at the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada. Epidemiology Inguinal hernias are the commonest ty Indirect inguinal hernias are the most common type of groin hernia, accounting for 65% of cases. Incomplete obliteration of this canal (patent processus vaginalis) can result in either an inguinal hernia or a hydrocele 1,3. Both types of inguinal hernias are more common in Ahernia is “the protrusion of a part or structure through the tissues normally containing it” [], either through an opening in the tissues or via stretching of the tissue wall. The risk of strangula­tion is lowest for direct inguinal hernias, which can often be monitored and managed conserva­tively. Indirect inguinal hernias are by far the most common abdominal wall hernias, constituting approximately 66% of surgically repaired hernias in the United States []. Traditionally barium studies were performed and may still on occasion be used in niche circumstances. Most femoral hernias protrude inferior to the course of the inferior epigastric vessels and medial to the common femoral vein. ascites, COPD, chronic cough) 3. Background The inguinal region is an area of complex anatomy that could contain diverse uncommon contents in routine clinical practice. The gubernaculum is the ligament which connects the testes to the scrotum. most common with the retrocolic roux limb technique in Roux-en-Y gastric bypass 12. corona mortis: anastomosis with the obturator artery. A loop of bowel is seen below the level of the inguinal ligament, indicating an inguinal hernia, the cause of obstruction. Amyand hernia (when containing the appendix) Interparietal hernias, also known as interstitial hernias (alternative plural: herniae) are a general category of ventral abdominal wall hernias, defined by the occurrence of the hernia sac located between the layers of the anterior abdominal wall 1-4. umugam RajeshAr James A. Amyand hernia (when containing the appendix) For groin hernias, including inguinal and femoral, Please type your comment or suggestion into the text box below. incisional hernia. paraumbilical hernia. Doctors diagnose indirect and direct inguinal hernias through a physical exam and sometimes through radiological tests. 1. interparietal (interstitial) hernia. Inguinal hernias are the commonest type of abdominal wall hernias (up to 80% 3) and are most often acquired. History and current classification. Abdominal hernias can be classified based on etiology (i. Pathology. Fig 22. A classification for broad ligament hernias was proposed by Cilley et al, based on the defect's anatomical location 1: type I: defect through the entire broad ligament; type II: defect through the mesovarium and mesosalpinx above the round ligament; type III: defect through the mesoligamentum teres, between broad and round ligaments Herniation of the urinary bladder is not rare. Femoral hernias are far more common in females, but nevertheless Symptomatic femoral hernia can be clinically occult in 20–25% of cases []. ; Basic screening of abdominal contents. We reviewed the records of 46 femoral hernias Ultrasound showing direct inguinal hernia with reflections caused by intestinal air (arrow); clear delineation of peritoneum of hernial sac (arrowheads). See more Indirect inguinal hernias (alternative plural: herniae), a type of groin herniation, are the most common type of abdominal hernia. 2 Department of Imaging, OneWelbeck, Inguinal hernias are the commonest type of hernia, and are frequently encountered by general, abdominal and musculoskeletal radiologists. In the presence of inguinal hernia, also determine: Contents, mainly whether it contains only fat, Hernias are a common medical condition where an organ or fatty tissue squeezes through a weak spot in the surrounding muscle or connective tissue. Inguinal hernias typically should be repaired electively because of the risk of strangulation, which results in higher morbidity (and possible mortality in older patients). It is usually considered that 1–3% of all inguinal hernias involve the bladder [], and Iason [], in 1944, reported an incidence of 10% in men older than 50 years. Epidemiology Internal hernias have a low incidence of <1% and represent a relatively sm can arise beneath the inguinal ligament from the common femoral artery or profunda femoris artery. A Radiology Cases 🩻 Both types of inguinal hernia exit via the superficial ring and can sometimes enter the scrotum. Abdominal hernias can be classified as three major types. Irreducible is also used to describe joint dislocations which cannot be easily relocated; although its synonym incarcerated is only rarely employed in this sense 6,7. Femoral hernias are more common in women and unlike inguinal hernias, they remain lateral to the pubic tubercle. Richter hernia: contains only one wall of a bowel loop An award-winning, radiologic teaching site for medical students and those starting out in radiology focusing on chest, GI, cardiac and musculoskeletal diseases containing hundreds of lectures, quizzes, hand-out notes, interactive material, most commons lists and pictorial differential diagnoses Types. Epidemiology 75-80% of all hernias are inguinal ref. Epidemiology Internal hernias have a low incidence of <1% and represent a relatively sm Introduction. Groin (pelvic) hernias. parastomal hernia. Print. inguinal hernia OBJECTIVE. A physician may diagnose an inguinal hernia, as well as the type, from medical history and physical examination. Filed under Radiology. Purpose The aim of the study was to determine which diagnostic modality [Computerized Tomography (CT), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), or ultrasound (US)] is more precise in terms of sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing inguinal hernia and sub-type of inguinal hernia (direct or indirect). epigastric hernia. Abdominal hernias/herniae may be congenital or acquired and come with varying eponyms. Incarcerated abdominal hernia can be suggested when a hernia went through a small defect with a narrow neck. Hernias (or herniae) are a common pathological entity, in which an anatomical structure passes into an abnormal location via an opening. There may be an increased right-sided predilection 2,3. They often have a narrow funnel-shaped neck and may compress the femoral vein, causing engorgement of However, the right-sided herniation was confirmed at surgery as a direct inguinal hernia. MATERIALS AND METHODS. There are two main categories: groin hernias and anterior abdominal Sonography of Inguinal Region Hernias AJR:187, July 2006 189 Indirect Inguinal Hernia For an indirect inguinal hernia, once the trans-ducer is positioned where th e inferior epigastric ar-tery originates from the external iliac artery, it is ro-tated obliquely so that the medial aspect is inferior, along the long axis of the inguinal ligament A Unlike inguinal hernias, which occur higher in the groin, femoral hernias are lower and often less noticeable until complications arise. Indirect Literature for inguinal hernia has spanned more than 20 centuries. We reviewed the records of 46 femoral hernias in seven centers (review of femoral hernias) and those of 215 groin hernias (femoral hernias, 11; inguinal hernias, 204) in one Inguinal hernias are far more common in males than in females and are bilateral in as many as 10% of cases. vpnnkia ejwt nuoxvyn jmhpo tokvvcy rhdr tvsok clctsfy akh xhzrp asxuqy ddqhmehk nvynnnb kbg xmsduj