Biochemical evidence for evolution. They then use this data to create a cladogram.

Biochemical evidence for evolution Recall that proteins are made up of chains of amino acids. Ø The period of chemical evolution lasted for about a billion years. Biochemical Evidence for Evolution: An Answer Key to Life's Shared History This ebook delves into the compelling biochemical evidence supporting the theory of evolution, examining the molecular mechanisms that reveal the interconnectedness of all life on Earth. We'll explore how shared biochemical pathways, homologous molecules, and vestigial genetic structures paint a vivid picture of our Fossil Dating Patterns of Evolution Comparative Biochemistry Biology (Year 12) - Evidence for Evolution Ben Whitten Comparative biochemistryis the study of different kinds of proteins (including enzymes), their fundamental base units (called amino acids) and their cell machinery. pdf from BIO MCC3322 at Naperville North High School. In this investigation, you will look at sections of hemoglobin protein and compare the amino acid similarities and differences in a number of organisms, and determine the evolutionary relationships among them. Chapter notes over evolution that includes a powerpoint presentation. b. Watch this video 2. Complete the Evidence of evolution student notes using what you’ve learned. Protein Similarities: Similarities in protein structures across different species also suggest common The field of biochemistry has provided several compelling pieces of evidence that support the theory of evolution. Hemoglobin in humans can vary between different individuals C. It is a set of hypotheses supported by scientific findings. The comparison of genomes provides new information about the relationships among species and how evolution occurs (Figure below). So much evidence has been collected from different disciplines, such as geology, embryology, genetics, and cell biology, that we refer to evolution as a theory. The scientific theory of evolution is supported by molecular biology through the analysis of DNA sequences, while morphological evidence relies on physical structures and anatomical features, and biochemical evidence is based on similarities in biochemical molecules. 6 How do we know evolution has occurred? Genetic evidence. - There were fewer differences between the amino acid sequences of human and gorilla There are three known mechanisms by which allele frequency in populations changes, these include natural selection, genetic drift, and gene flow. pdf), Text File (. Explore evolution with this worksheet analyzing hemoglobin amino acid sequences in humans, gorillas, and horses. Apr 24, 2014 · For the various organisms studied, biochemical evidence for evolution compares favorably with structural evidence for evolution. Human hemoglobin is more similar to chino hemo thank mouse hemo D. , Describe the fundamental molecular and cellular features shared across all domains of life, which provide evidence of common ancestry. com. This is evidence that these In your packet 1. By: Cassandra Villegas BIOCHEMICAL EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION Hypothesis: Based on the animals morphology, the Feb 19, 2024 · View BIOCHEMICAL EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION (1). The various convincing evidences for the occurrence of descent with modification is summarised in the Fig. By looking at DNA, RNA, and proteins, researchers can follow the lineage and evolutionary paths of many species, helping to find common ancestors and where they split off The comparison of genomes provides new information about the relationships among species and how evolution occurs (Figure below). rex within the avian lineage of theropod dinosaurs, making birds their closest living relatives. 4 m Hyracotherium in early Eocene to the 1. e. Homologous Traits: Traits shared by related species that have a common structure and embryological origin. Reintjes Period A Thursday November 21, Regardless, there are different types of evidence that scientists use to support evolution. Today, the major pieces of evidence for this theory can be broken down into the fossil record, embryology, comparative anatomy, and molecular biology. Luckily for us, modern science has given us explanations for those past unknowns, mostly through the fields of biochemistry and genetics. Follow directions to complete the Biochemical Comparisons packet: make sure you read the full introduction and directions carefully. Evolution, which started out as a hypothesis, is now supported by evidence from many fields of science. It is the only way which can prove all the proposed theories of evolution. Learn about cladograms, evolutionary clocks, and biochemical evidence for common ancestry. Amino Acid Sequences and Evolutionary Relationships How do similarities in amino acid sequences of various species provide evidence for evolution? An important technique used in determining evolutionary relationships is the biochemical comparison of organisms. Study this video summary: What’s the Evidence for Evolution Evolution means descent with modification. Similarities in the comparison can be used as evidence in support of evolution. 6 m Equus). 3-billion-year-old rocks—and molecular evidence that oxygen-producing photosynthesis was occurring over This approach supports the evolutionary timeline and provides a framework for understanding how species have evolved over millions of years. and more. docx from SCIENCE 11 at St Paul High School, Ottawa. B. Earlier scholars, including his grandfather Erasmus 13 hours ago · Are Tyrannosaurus rex Related to Birds?: Unraveling the Evolutionary Link Yes, Tyrannosaurus rex is indeed related to birds. If two living systems have identical or almost identical proteins, their amino acid sequences are similar. all living organisms have it, because it performs very basic life functions) protein Cytochrome c in living cells. OBJECTIVE: In this lab activity you will learn about homologous, analogous, vestigial structures, fossils, embryology Introduction to Biochemical Evidence for Evolution Biochemical evidence refers to the study of molecules such as DNA, RNA, proteins, and enzymes to trace the evolutionary links among species. The study of fossils as well as embryology, biochemistry, and comparative anatomy provides evidence for evolution. Three types of evidence support evolution and natural selection: structural, microbiological, and direct observation. Students learn how evolutionary relationships can be determined through protein analysis. Fossils provide evidence for the evolutionary change … Jun 23, 2020 · Evolution may be convergent with similar traits evolving in multiple species or divergent with diverse traits evolving in multiple species that came from a common ancestor. It has been supported by so many disciplines and has stood the test of time. It explains observations more simply than other available models D. Also, the "remarkable" feature that proteins in living cells all Evidence for Evolution B. Bioman Biology simulations are great learning tools! This resource contains two versions for the Biochemical Evidence Interactive on Biomanbio. That means that as species evolve, they change over time. The fossil record reveals how horses evolved. There are 20 amino acids that are used to make proteins. For instance, humans share about 98% of their DNA with chimpanzees, which indicates a common ancestor Biochemical Evidence for Evolution If two or more organisms have similar arrangements of bases in portions of their DNA molecules, these organisms have similar proteins. The theory of evolution is one of the fundamental keystones of modern biological theory. It has been proved by valid scientific experiments. This topic is crucial for understanding how species change and why they share certain similarities. Aug 26, 2025 · The theory of evolution explains how populations change over time and life diversifies, but it does not reveal the beginnings of life or the origins of the first cells. Mar 26, 2025 · Evolution offers a powerful explanation for the diversity of life on Earth. Biochemistry is the study of chemicals found in cells, and is an integral part of molecular biology and genetics. Jul 18, 2013 · Biochemical approaches illuminate core questions in molecular evolution because they can reveal the mechanisms by which historical mutations led to the emergence of new phenotypes, they can A classic example of biochemical evidence for evolution is the variance of the ubiquitous (i. , What Evidence of Evolution The evidence for evolution is compelling and extensive. docx from SBI 3U0 at Lorne Park Secondary School. The more closely related species are, the more similar their DNA sequences tend to be. Humans evolutionarily related to some animals that have tails. 2. Ø Biochemical evolution was the first step in the development of life on earth. BIOCHEMICAL EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION If two organisms have similar DNA molecules, they have similar Evidence of Evolution The evidence for evolution is compelling and extensive. Oct 25, 2025 · Evolution, theory in biology postulating that the various types of living things on Earth have their origin in other preexisting types and that the distinguishable differences are due to modifications in successive generations. Nov 1, 2025 · Molecular evidence for evolution also includes: The same biochemical building blocks, such as amino acids and nucleotides, are found in all organisms, from bacteria to plants and animals. Sep 25, 2025 · Learn about evidence for evolution for your AP Biology course. The Groundbreaking Discovery: Maniraptora and Theropod Evolution The theory Evidence for Evolution Evolution is the change in heritable traits of populations over successive generations. Look at Evolution through the Study of Homology Biology Dry Lab: EVIDENCE OF EVOLUTION INTRODUCTION: Evidence has been found to indicate that living things have changed gradually during their natural history. pdf from BIO 1200310 at Steinbrenner High School. This is a common method used to determine the evolutionary relationships between species. See Answer Question: lab 23 biochemical evidence of evolution lab 2 3 biochemical evidence of evolution Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The changes in organisms over time is, Which of the following is not evidence for evolution?, True or False: The age of the earth is 4. Unlike fossils or This evidence of evolution webquest uses a virtual lab interactive and video to teach students about biochemical evidence of evolution. Human hemo is different than mouse hemo C Find step-by-step Biology solutions and the answer to the textbook question Compare morphological and biochemical evidence supporting evolution. In summary, the biochemical evidence, through DNA and protein comparisons, underscores the shared ancestry of life, providing a robust foundation for the theory of evolution. 4 Evidence for Evolution The evidence for evolution is compelling and extensive. Molecular similarities provide evidence for the shared ancestry of life. Biochemical Evidence for Evolution Lab Report Ali Kubba Dheeraj Dhanoa Mrs. Biochemical Evidence for Evolution: Lab Analysis of Hemoglobin (BIO 101) Subject: Biology 999+ documents Level: Standard Jul 12, 2023 · Outline some advantages and limitations of using biochemical evidence as evidence for evolution. Human hemoglobin is more similar to chimp hemoglobin than to mouse hemoglobin. Known today as the "father of evolution," Darwin amassed compelling evidence supporting the theory of evolution by natural selection. Part 1: Evidence of Evolution *notes in red are for teacher version/answer key Jul 2, 2025 · Molecular biology, leveraging tools and methodologies ranging from high-throughput sequencing to sophisticated computational modeling, has provided some of the most compelling and granular evidence supporting the theory of evolution. Which of the following is biochemical evidence for evolution? a. Organisms that are not similar in physical appearance may show similarity in amino acid sequences for homologous proteins. 15. Usually only a portion of an organism is preserved as a fossil, such as body fossils (bones and exoskeletons ), trace fossils (feces and footprints), and chemofossils (biochemical signals). We have number of evidences to prove the biological evolution namely fossils, comparative anatomy and embryo development pattern. Biology 1: Biochemical Evidence for Evolution 5. Unlike anatomical or fossil evidence, biochemical data offer a molecular perspective, which is often more precise and quantifiable. This Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Biochemical Evidence of Evolution, DNA, Cladogram and more. Aug 20, 2018 · Establishing a unified timescale for the early evolution of Earth and life is challenging and mired in controversy because of the paucity of fossil evidence, the difficulty of interpreting it and Fossils are important evidence for evolution because they show that life on earth was once different from life found on earth today. What three items will you look at in the lab that support the hypothesis of a common descent: Evidence for large-scale evolution (macroevolution) comes from anatomy and embryology, molecular biology, biogeography, and fossils. [6 marks] Explain the biochemical evidence for the common ancestry of organisms on Earth. Here are three notable examples: DNA and Genetic Similarities: One of the strongest pieces of biochemical evidence comes from the study of DNA sequences across different species. Biochemical Evidence for Evolution One method scientists use to help determine the evolutionary relationships between organisms is to analyze and compare the molecular structure of proteins. This lineage also developed longer molar teeth and the degeneration of the outer phalanges on the feet. Fossils This is a Which of the following is biochemical evidence for evolution? a. Genetic evidence Figure 2. - Hemoglobin, a protein in red blood cells, was studied in humans, gorillas, and horses. d. Let us now discuss each of these in detail: In this video I go through some different types of biochemical evidence for evolution. Embryonic human hemoglobin is different from adult human hemoglobin. What you’ll learn to do: Describe how the theory of evolution by natural selection is supported by evidence The evidence for evolution is compelling and extensive. Evidence for large-scale evolution (macroevolution) comes from anatomy and embryology, molecular biology, biogeography, and fossils. Human hemoglobin is different than mouse hemoglobin. Biochemical evidence: Evidence drawn from the study of biochemical processes in organisms. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Which statement BEST explains why evolution is classified as a theory? A. Darwin dedicated a large portion of his book, On the Origin of Species, to identifying patterns in nature that were consistent with evolution, and since Darwin, our understanding has become clearer and broader. Since Darwin’s ideas on descent with modification and the pressures of natural selection, various evidence has been gathered to support the theory of evolution. Biochemical Evidence For Evolution Worksheet Biochemical Evidence For Evolution Worksheet: Exploring the Molecular Clues to Life’s History Biochemical Evidence For Evolution Worksheet is an engaging tool that helps students and learners dive into one of the most fascinating aspects of evolutionary biology: the molecular evidence that supports the theory of evolution. References OpenStax, Biology. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Explore the similarities and differences in DNA, proteins, and metabolism among different organisms and how they support the theory of common descent. 6. . Paleontology deals with locating, cataloging, and interpreting the life forms that existed in past millennia. This evidence includes: Fossil Evidence Biogeography (species distribution Biochemistry provides evidence for evolution because diverse organisms have the same biochemical characteristics. Since Darwin, our understanding has become clearer and Aug 27, 2008 · Introduction Pandas describes the basic similarities of organisms at the cellular and biochemical level. Looking at every level of organization in living systems, biologists see the signature of past and present evolution. Paleontology One piece of evidence offered by Darwin is found in the science of paleontology. Hemoglobin in humans can vary between different individuals. Organisms consist predominantly of organic compounds, including Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like [6 marks] Explain the biochemical evidence for the common ancestry of living organisms. The evidence for evolution is compelling and extensive. Evidence of evolution can be observed by means of DNA code and the fossil record, and also by the existence of homologous and vestigial structures. If looking for biochemical evidence for evolution, which of the following could a scientist study? The evidence for evolution is found at all levels of organization in living things and in the extinct species we know about through fossils. Below is an overview of the concept of evolution, its significance in biology, and a review of key Biochemical Evidence for Evolution Lab - Free download as PDF File (. A printable The theory of organic evolution seems to be the most acceptable explanation of the occurrence of varied forms of plants and animals on Earth. We'll explore how shared biochemical pathways, homologous molecules, and vestigial genetic structures paint a vivid picture of our Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like [6 marks] Explain the biochemical evidence for the common ancestry of living organisms. There is a wide range of evidence that support the idea that each of the species we see today evolved from a common ancestor. Biochemical Evidence - Amino Acid Lab 23 In Lab 23, you are likely studying the biochemical evidence of evolution, specifically through the comparison of amino acid sequences. It is involved in the pathway that unlocks the energy stored in the organic molecules you eat and converts it to ATP, the molecule that powers all the processes occurring within your cells. Unlike fossils or The extensive evidence in support of both fact and theory of evolution comes primarily from studies of the fossil record, molecular sequences, and comparative anatomy. Apr 26, 2017 · In recent years, an extension of the Darwinian framework is being considered for the study of prebiotic chemical evolution, shifting the attention from homogeneous populations of naked molecular species to populations of heterogeneous, compartmentalized Aug 14, 2020 · View Bio Evolution Lab Report1. Sep 2, 2024 · View biochemical evidence for evolution lab (1). Direct observation showcases evolution in action, such as antibiotic resistance in bacteria. 6 days ago · Washington, DC— Pairing cutting-edge chemistry with artificial intelligence, a multidisciplinary team of scientists found fresh chemical evidence of Earth’s earliest life—concealed in 3. Ø This theory is also called as Molecular Evolution or Chemical Evolution or Modern Theory of Origin of Life Ø It is a new version of ‘Abiogenesis’. Evidence from Fossils Figure 9 3 2: Evolution of the Horse. Two proteins Biochemical evidence, including the universality of the genetic code and similarities in DNA and protein sequences, reinforces the theory of evolution by demonstrating that all living organisms share a common molecular foundation. It involves the comparison of DNA (explained in another part), proteins such as cytochrome c and haemoglobin and chromosomes across different species. It is the study of fossils A. These shared features are called universal homologies, and include our cellular organization (all living things are made of cells), our use of the molecule ATP to do work at the Jul 4, 2018 · View BIOCHEMICAL EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION. Human hemoglobin is more similar to chimp hemoglobin than mouse hemoglobin. Molecular evidence for evolution also includes: The same biochemical building blocks, such as amino acids and nucleotides, are found in all organisms, from bacteria to plants and animals. One key area is the comparison of DNA sequences. Over many generations new species can develop through a process called speciation. It is accepted by a majority of scientists working in relevant fields C. Nov 17, 2016 · Lab 7 – Evidence for Evolution EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION ANSWER KEY PART I: MORPHOLOGICAL EVIDENCE Complete Table 1 using the Nutall precipitation key: + + + Heavy agglutination (immediate strong reaction) + + Medium agglutination (clotting definite, may take a few minutes to form) + Slight agglutination (reaction weak, takes some time to form a Jan 10, 2024 · The evidence for evolution can be grouped into six categories: directly observable small-scale change, biogeographic distribution, comparative anatomy, the fossil record, classification, and genetics. They provide Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like What is the evidence for evolution?, Fossil Record, Fossil and more. They then use this data to create a cladogram. This evidence includes: Fossil Evidence Biogeography (species distribution Lab – Biochemical Evidence of Evolution Objectives: To examine amino acid sequences from different species and, using this information, determine the evolutionary relationships that may exist between them. In recent years, an extension of the Darwinian framework is being considered for the study of prebiotic chemical evolution, shifting the attention from homogeneous populations of naked molecular species to populations of heterogeneous, Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Comparative Protein Studies, How do Comparative Protein Studies provide evidence for Evolution?, Ubiquitous Proteins and more. Physical College Biology I 3. The amino acid sequences and numbers of each amino acid in hemoglobin were compared between species. This is intended for advanced or AP students of biology. 1. Evidence for Evolution Evolution is the change in heritable traits of populations over successive generations. Comparative biochemistry Biochemistry is the study of the basic chemistry and processes that occur in cells. , Explain how morphological, biochemical, and geological data provide evidence that organisms have changed over time. What is meant by "biochemical" evidence for evolution? Conserved DNA and chemical pathways in related organisms What is catastrophism? Who invented it? Spontaneous catastrophes led to survival of random organisms, and the changed landscape drove certain desirable traits, leading to the evolution of new organisms; Baron Cuvier 1. Name: ID: A 25. Biochemical evidence reveals more detailed information than other techniques. By studying the basic biochemistry shared by many organisms, we can begin to piece together how biochemical systems evolved near the root of the tree of life. Therefore, exploring evidence of evolution helps reveal connections between living organisms and their ancestors. This connection, supported by a wealth of fossil evidence and genetic analysis, firmly places T. Fossil evidence, paleontology, embryology, and molecular biology Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Describe the types of data that provide evidence for evolution. They provide Biochemical Evidence for Evolution: Lab Analysis of Hemoglobin (BIO 101) Subject: Biology 999+ documents Level: Standard Jul 12, 2023 · Outline some advantages and limitations of using biochemical evidence as evidence for evolution. Start studying biochemical evidence for evolution. Similar anatomy found in different species may be homologous (shared due to ancestry) or analogous (shared due to similar selective pressures). txt) or read online for free. This section covers evidence of evolution, transitional fossils, development, biogeography, and biochemistry. Biochemistry offers compelling evidence for evolution by demonstrating the similarities in molecular structures and processes among different organisms. every time you're asked a biochemical/DNA question answer Which of the following is biochemical evidence for evolution? A. The following points provide evidence for evolutionary change. pre-lab questions 1. Ø The theory of Biochemical Origin of Oct 11, 2014 · BIOCHEMICAL EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTIONBiology<br /> Name:<br /> Biochemical Evidence For Evolution Period: Date:<br /> Table 2 – Number of Each Amino Acid<br /> Amino Acid Abbreviation Human Gorilla Horse<br /> Alanine<br /> Ala<br /> Arginine<br /> Aspartic Acid<br /> Cysteine<br /> Glutamic Acid<br /> Glycine<br /> Histidine<br /> Leucine<br /> Lysine<br /> Methionine<br /> Phenylalanine<br Evidence of Evolution-Answers in gray Background When Charles Darwin first proposed the idea that all new species descend from an ancestor, he performed an exhaustive amount of research to provide as much evidence as possible. Amino Acids and Proteins Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. Oct 4, 2022 · This evidence of evolution webquest uses a virtual lab interactive and video to teach students about biochemical evidence of evolution. He attempted to convince the scientific community of the validity of his theory. Looking at every level of organization in living systems, biologists see the signature of past and Biochemistry provides evidence for evolution in several ways: 1. Fossils are a window into the past. Table of contents Fossils Anatomy and Embryology Biogeography Molecular Biology Misconceptions of Evolution Evolution Is Just a Theory Individuals Evolve Evolution Explains the Origin of Life Organisms Evolve on Purpose Summary References The evidence for evolution is compelling and extensive. [2 marks] Outline the evidence provided by DNA for the common ancestry of living organisms. every time you're asked a biochemical/DNA question answer Jun 27, 2019 · In 1831, an inexperienced 22-year-old British naturalist named Charles Darwin jumped on the HMS Beagle and sailed the world on a five-year scientific voyage that earned him a place in science and history. c. Structural evidence encompasses homologous structures and the fossil record. Darwin dedicated a large portion of his book, On the Origin of Species, to identifying patterns in nature that were consistent with evolution. Answer and Explanation: 1 Three examples of biochemical evidence for evolution are provided below: Organisms use DNA as their genetic code. Embryonic human hemoglobin is different from adult hemoglobin B. The lineage that led to modern horses (Equus) grew taller over time (from the 0. I talk about DNA-DNA hybridisation, comparing amino acid sequences in Biochemical Evidence for Evolution If two or more organisms have similar arrangements of bases in portions of their DNA molecules, these organisms have similar proteins. In his book, Darwin offered several pieces of evidence that supported evolution. Definition of molecular evidence in the context of evolution In the field of evolutionary biology, molecular evidence includes various genetic, biochemical, and structural details that show how organisms are connected. Evidence from Palaeontology: The Evidence for evolution: anatomy, molecular biology, biogeography, fossils, & direct observation. ADDITIONAL INVESTIGATION Biochemical Evidence for Evolution One method scientists use to help determine the evolutionary relationships between organisms is to analyze and compare the molecular structure of proteins. Jul 10, 2025 · Learn how biochemistry provides evidence of evolution in terms of modifications in various biological molecules, such as enzymes. This resource makes a great introduction, review, absent student work, sub-plan, guided practice, or student-led teaching tool. This indicates that organisms such Your solution’s ready to go! Enhanced with AI, our expert help has broken down your problem into an easy-to-learn solution you can count on. 8 A double helix strand All living organisms share certain features, presumably due to our descent from a single common ancestor. The Structures Of Molecules Pandas fails to point out that many different amino acid sequences will produce the same three-dimensional folding pattern (Lau and Dill, 1990) as will be demonstrated with the cytochrome c enzyme. All known life forms share a common genetic code, which is a strong indicator of common ancestry. DNA Sequence Similarities: All living organisms share the same DNA, RNA, and protein-based genetic system, suggesting a common ancestry. Explore phylogeny, cladistics, and classification. High School Biology. 6 billion years old and more. Find information on fossil dating, molecular homologies and common ancestry. The fact that these […] Evidence from Fossils Figure 9 3 2: Evolution of the Horse. Biochemical Comparison Cytochrome c is a protein (enzyme) found in all organisms. This evidence operates at the fundamental level of DNA, RNA, and proteins, offering a detailed reconstruction of evolutionary relationships and processes. By examining the chemical make-up of different living things, we can see how closely they are related. Microbiological evidence involves DNA similarities and shared processes across species. 0 (2 reviews) Where is hemoglobin usually found? Biochemical Evidence For Evolution Worksheet Biochemical Evidence For Evolution Worksheet: Exploring the Molecular Clues to Life’s History Biochemical Evidence For Evolution Worksheet is an engaging tool that helps students and learners dive into one of the most fascinating aspects of evolutionary biology: the molecular evidence that supports the theory of evolution. Since Darwin, our understanding has become clearer and 2. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. ev 2. BIOCHEMICAL EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION If two organisms have similar DNA molecules, they have similar Biochemical Evidence For Evolution Answer Key VA Form 10 5345 Veterans Affairs PRIVACY ACT STATEMENT The information requested on this form is solicited under Title The evidence of evolution is one of the fundamental keystones of modern biological theory. Browse Biochemical Evidence of Evolution resources on Teachers Pay Teachers, a marketplace trusted by millions of teachers for original educational resources. Effectively communicate the theory of evolution. vsqeqz oysxgbs zopc rnml qnfvuve anvsc orja wuqdla pvauys wtt voblem juqf lnsu lgwfjdwt zayt