Laser tube length vs power. This guide explores the technology .

Laser tube length vs power Nov 9, 2017 · Here is the output side of a typical CO2 laser tube used in a vast majority of laser cutters and engravers. As a result, darker colored materials tend to absorb more laser energy and may require lower laser power levels for engraving, while lighter colored materials may require higher power levels. By applying a high voltage to the electrodes in the tube Jan 9, 2023 · Laser cutting is one of the most important processes for the manufacture of many products and has revolutionised the manufacturing industry due to its precision and speed. Sep 27, 2024 · The optical cavity of the laser consists of a flat, high-reflecting mirror at one end of the laser tube and a concave output coupler mirror with approximately 1% transmission at the other end of the laser tube (Figure 49A). This comprehensive guide dives deep into the intricacies of laser cutting, offering data-driven insights Laser classes Lasers are classified for safety purposes based on their potential for causing injury to humans’ eyes and skin. This allows operation of Nd:YAG lasers at frequencies up to tens of kilohertz. The component is composed of a GG17 material fired into a discharge tube, a water-cooled tube, a gas storage tube and a tube for gas circulation. 8 nm red out of this and similar 1-B tubes. 5 ZnSe. 25mm in to the wood, however at a distance I am just discoloring the wood, Is this normal and do people factor this in when working at the further edges of Nov 18, 2024 · Learn about the various factors that affect laser cutting performance, including table thickness, cutting speed, gas selection, focus, pressure, and nozzle selection, in our comprehensive guide. There is a vast range of common laser systems from applications as diverse as materials processing, laser surgery, and remote sensing, but many laser systems share common key parameters. Mazak provides products and solutions that can support a wide range of parts machining processes, such as high-speed and high-accuracy machines, various automation systems, and production support software and CNC equipment that support skill leveling and setup. Cloudray’s CO₂ laser tubes deliver stable, high‑performance laser output for engraving and cutting systems. 75%. Compare diode, fiber, UV, CO₂, and dual-beam lasers with reviews, pros, and buying tips. Dec 1, 2021 · I would like to upgrade my laser tube to either 80 watt or 100 watt. In the glass tube of the DC laser, there is a mixture of different gases: Nitrogen (by far the highest proportion of the gas mixture), carbon dioxide (as the laser-active medium), helium (to effectively dissipate the heat loss), and oftentimes hydrogen and xenon. It allows for high-quality, high-precision Different materials and applications require different levels of laser power for engraving or cutting. Fig. In addition, it requires a steady-state sustaining voltage in the 1 to 3 kV DC range, along with current below 10 mA. CO2 laser tubes are a significant part of the laser manufacturing process and there are a few things you need to know before making a purchase. Even for same size laser tube, different suppliers could tell you different laser power. . Nov 21, 2023 · After swapping out the OEM head on my OMTECH ZF2028-60, for Russ Sadler’s lightweight version, I ended up with six different “C” series tube/lens/nozzle combination to choose from. Apr 28, 2025 · The length of the tube also affects the feeding system of the laser tube cutting machine. [citation needed] A different Stock Water Pump: Water flows through the laser tube in order to keep the tube cool and working at optimal efficiency. The C Series CO2 laser tubes have high optical quality, strong cutting force, and high stability. Thus the easist way for customers to tell the laser tube power is by tube length and diameter. When I started as a Field Tech we used flowing gas tubes until the late 80’s when we swapped to sealed gas. Find out everything you need to know about the tube laser process in this helpful guide. The parameters will be examined in detail to Apr 1, 2025 · Understand Laser System Wattage to choose the right power for your CO2 laser tube, ensuring optimal cutting and engraving performance. Available in various power levels and formats (glass, metal‑head, RF), these tubes are engineered for reduced stress‑cracking and longer lifespans thanks to advanced manufacturing processes. Most laser products are required by law to have a label listing the Class. Dive This shows up as a type of oscillation at around 10- 20 Hz. The "rated power" is the continuous power output that the laser tube is designed to produce under normal operating conditions. This power margin helps ensure that the laser’s output remains above the rated output power level for the duration of the laser’s warranty and beyond. Both new and surplus tubes of this type - either bare or as part of complete laser heads Lasers can be used for a variety of applications. But tubes with dimensions of 55 x 1000 mm have a maximum power output of 50W, while a tube that measures 80 x 1400 mm is usually 100W. Mar 11, 2020 · RECI co2 Laser Tube W2: 90W Max. A telescope in the Very Large Telescope system producing four orange laser guide stars A laser is a device that emits light through a process of optical amplification based on the stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation. It’s important to note that the best settings for one material will typically be different 3 days ago · Discover the best laser engravers of 2025–2026 based on real testing. For general purposes, a 2. Why Does the Laser Wavelength Vary? Sep 16, 2021 · So the short answer is no. Sep 11, 2025 · The laser cutting time can be influenced by several factors including the material type, thickness, laser power, and the complexity of the cut. This article provides a comprehensive laser cutting thickness and speed chart for lasers ranging from 500W to 30kW, covering mild steel, stainless steel, and May 30, 2024 · CO2 lasers operate at a wavelength of around 10. 5" lens, then read on for help! Nov 25, 2024 · Historically, Helium-Neon (HeNe) lasers were often the first choice for precision instrumentation, measurement setups and some spectroscopy applications. The filling gas within a sealed discharge tube consists of around 10–20% carbon dioxide (CO 2), around 10–20% nitrogen (N 2), a few percent hydrogen (H 2) and/or xenon (Xe), with the remainder being helium (He). This does leave some leeway into power determination. Nov 17, 2024 · Laser cutting is a highly efficient and precise method for cutting various metals. There are more than thousands of laser cutting / engraving machine suppliers in the world, but there is no universal standard to define a laser tube power. 5 GaAs, and a D20 FL63. Many people think that Co2 lasers are the best for laser cutting and laser engraving and have no problems. This new technology makes the high stability in W series laser tubes. See full list on laserhints. Sep 16, 2020 · Power supply: critical to HeNe lasers The power supply is critical to laser component performance. When working closer to the tube output I can engrave maybe 0. With the growing demand for accuracy and cost-effective solutions in industries such as automotive, aerospace, and construction, tube laser cutting has become a critical tool in modern fabrication. Select the calculator you need below and experience effortless, accurate calculations designed to meet your needs. 5″ focal length is popular because it balances engraving precision and cutting depth. Medium length tubes (1-6 metres): need to be equipped with a standard automatic feeding and unloading system to increase productivity. Power is limited by the maximum power rating of the laser system. For example, laser tube with length 1200mm and Diameter 50mm, actually most suppliers say it is 60w, and some suppliers say it is 65watt, 70watt, even The most common sealed HeNe laser tubes are between 5" and 14" (125 mm to 350 mm) in overall length and 3/4" to 1-1/2" (19 mm to 37. Feb 20, 2022 · Hi. I can see that the increased tube length will require extending the side panel to accommodate, plus new power supply. They work by exciting carbon dioxide molecules with a high-voltage electric current (for DC excited) or with radio frequency (for RF excited think microwave oven), which causes the molecules to emit photons. 5 mW to 5 mW. Sep 22, 2025 · Select the right laser cutter tube by matching power, size, and compatibility to your machine and materials for optimal cutting results in 2025. A laser is device that emits coherent and monochromatic light. Selecting the right laser power is essential to ensure processing quality, efficiency and cost-effectiveness. There is a lot of confusion over what the maximum laser cutting power you should set your CO2 Glass laser tube in order to maximise the tubes lifespan. Learn how lasers work, different elements, and the differences between laser types at Edmund Optics. This high-output tube can handle up to 34mA at 26,000 volts. Power ramping refers to using a ramp up of laser power at the start of the weld or ramp down of laser power at the end of the weld. HeNe lasers tend to be small, with cavity lengths from around 0. g. For HeNe lasers, the tube first needs about 10 kV DC (breakdown voltage) to initiate the excitation process. This guide breaks down the critical factors to help you make a confident choice tailored to your needs. This article breaks down the relationship between material thickness and cutting speed in tube laser cutting, providing a handy chart to optimize your settings. 5", 2" or 2. Actually sealed gas CO2 tubes have been in usesince the mid to late 80’s on the medical side. Every laser tube that comes to our facility in Las Vegas, NV goes through a variety of tests, including output. These photons are then collimated into a laser beam that can be used to cut or The optical cavity of the laser consists of a flat, high-reflecting mirror at one end of the laser tube and a concave output coupler mirror with approximately 1% transmission at the other end of the laser tube (Figure 49A). The point of convergence is the focal point, at which the beam is most intense. For a more extensive application file, please check CO2 Laser Applications in Cutting. Focal length is the distance between the laser lens and the surface of the material being processed; determining the correct one depends on your application (s). For example, some suppliers may say that a 1000mm tube is capable of 60W. Mar 28, 2025 · Tube laser cutting has revolutionized the manufacturing industry, offering unprecedented precision and efficiency in cutting tubes of various materials and shapes. This chart typically presents a detailed table, outlining the cutting speeds and maximum material thicknesses compatible with specific laser models, power ratings, and laser types. Something I am noticing is that my cutting and engraving power lessens the further away from the tube I am. The third generation of laser tube cancels the adjusting screws at both tube ends. The mechanical and optical design is quite simple (apart from sophisticated glasswork to make the tube itself) but the gas lasing PWM Signal Definition and Its Efect On RF Driven CO2 Lasers Radiofrequency (RF) driven, all metal tube CO2 lasers provide big advantages over direct current (DC) driven, glass-tube CO2 lasers with respect to lifetime, beam quality and power stability. Ramp down is most commonly used; for hermetic laser sealing and seam welding as it creates a smooth reduction of the weld penetration or transition from keyhole to conduction weld, or to avoid last pulse or end of Some typical 'stuff' you can cut with a medium power ( < 100W ) laser and the speed of cut is shown below. Mar 6, 2023 · Man we are having some weird problems with our laser cutter. Whether you’re a seasoned professional or an enthusiast, understanding these dynamics can significantly improve your results. Adjustments may be necessary to achieve optimal results under your specific working conditions. Learn more now! VI. The laser will make a series of spots if scanned or swept across a surface such as a wall, and the power supply will make an audible buzzing. Compared to traditional methods such as sawing or manual drilling, this automated process is significantly faster and more precise. e. Sep 16, 2021 · Tube length verses power and somewhat diameter ( though I think that affects gain more…but been a while)…has remained the same for 40 years. To learn more, see our full guide on Laser Power. The wavelength, pulse width, and spot size, however, can all be directly manipulated and changed. 80mm. In laser material processing, laser power directly impacts the speed of processes like laser welding, laser cleaning, laser texturing, laser cutting, and laser marking. Cheaper to run but not anywhere near as stable output as a flowing gas laser. For DC lasers (glass tube) it is more complex to set the power below 10% of the maximum power, so you may need a lower power laser tube for sensitive applications. Feb 19, 2025 · Laser technology is increasingly used in modern industry, from fine craft engraving to cutting of large metal structures, laser equipment is favored for its precision and efficiency. Whether you’re crafting intricate designs or powering industrial production, selecting the right tube ensures optimal performance, cost-effectiveness, and longevity. By following these guidelines, you can minimize waste, enhance productivity, and ensure high-quality cuts. Before ordering, pls confirm the Diameter and Length of the co2 tube,great replacement for the same power or same length 90w laser tube (Pls make sure your machine has enough installation space, all spaces should be slightly larger than laser tube's size). Before we get into the details of laser power, we must recognize that laser powers vary significantly based on their intended use. Co2 Laser Tubes Lifetime The laser tube is one of the main units of any Со2 laser machine. This guide explores the technology Sep 9, 2023 · GSI tubes were highly regarded in the laser industry, offering exceptional reliability and beam diameter. For instance, a laser marker used for precise engraving on delicate materials may operate at a much lower power than one used for cutting thick metal Then as the HeNe laser tube is tuned across the NGC, the SFPI would be set up to track it while the cavity length of the internal mirror HeNe laser tube is dithered. While all Muse and Hobby Series machines have the same power supply (the power supply is capable of supplying 25mA which is enough for a 45W or 40W tube), tubes created with a gold catalyst last longer and EFR's F series CO2 laser tube is an upgraded glass laser device that featuers a power up to 200W, a high quality laser beam, a small light spot, and a long service life. Longer focal Apr 28, 2023 · The question of choosing the power of a laser tube can arise in two cases: either when choosing a new machine or when replacing the tube in a machine you already have. Whether you’re replacing a worn component or upgrading your machine’s output power Apr 22, 2025 · Have you ever wondered how to achieve the perfect balance between laser cutting thickness, speed, and power? Whether you’re tackling 5mm carbon steel or attempting to slice through 40mm stainless steel with a 10000W laser, understanding these parameters is crucial for optimal results. It’s an 80W CO2. Am I correct in thinking that my max power at the laser is actually 48. Mar 3, 2025 · Understanding Power Ratings There’s a general guideline that applies to all tube types, and it has to do with the unit’s size. That might be true, but when it comes to tube cutting, speed is relative. However, all attempts have failed but one – installing a somewhat larger 05-LHB-670 in place of the dead tube of a PMS/REO tunable He-Ne laser. MCWlaser 60W CO2 Laser Tube Glass Laser Tube with Length 1000mm Dia. The radiance wavelength of a Со2 tube is 10600 nm Nov 7, 2023 · Laser power is one of the most important parameters to consider when choosing a laser, as it plays a key role in determining the effectiveness of laser processes. It will be listed either in Arabic numerals (1 2, 3R, 3B, 4) or in Roman numerals (I, II, IIIa, IIIb, IV). This article will take you through the laser cutter wattage chart and application fields of laser cutting machines, helping you fully understand laser cutting equipment. 100W) CO2 laser tube with high quality, stability and performance. This blog will provide you with a comprehensive guide on how to choose the best laser power for your Apr 24, 2025 · Discover how tube laser cutting works, its benefits over traditional methods, key uses, precision, material options, and how to choose the right service. Actual cutting performance may vary based on multiple factors, including laser tube power, tube condition and age, mirror and lens cleanliness, and precise alignment. Feb 25, 2025 · Focal Length and Focal Point The focal length of a lens determines the distance over which the laser beam converges to a point. Adaptation of the feeding system Short tubes (<1 metre): suitable for manual feeding or simple automatic feeding systems. 2 in (1250 mm) Length, 2 in (55 mm) Dia Borosilicate Glass Laser Cutter Tube with Metal Head, 5000-6000hr Wires Preconnected for Laser Engraver Engraving Cutting Machine Tube laser offers a high degree of precision. Jun 28, 2024 · Imagine being able to cut metal tubes with laser precision, shaping intricate designs effortlessly. Jun 28, 2024 · The main parameters for laser cutting include laser cutting power and speed, lens focal length and focal point position, nozzle shape and distance from the nozzle to the workpiece surface, as well as the type and pressure of the assist gas. The word laser originated as an acronym for light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation. Feb 11, 2024 · A dc excited co2 tube power is based on the distance between the mirrors, which isn’t handy to measure, so we use tube length. Making an Informed Decision Creating a Shortlist of Potential Laser Tube Cutting Machines Start by gather information, researching different models of laser tube cutting machines, consider factors such as cutting capacity, laser power, automation features, and customer reviews. HeNe Lasers: Pros and Cons Historically, Helium-Neon (HeNe) lasers were often the first choice for precision instrumentation, measurement setups and some spectroscopy applications. It was invented in 1960 and technologically it was one of the first lasers with extraordinary good parameters. Plot of Mode Sweep of Typical 1 mW Random Polarized He-Ne Laser Tube shows the appearance for a Melles Griot 05-LHR-007, the shortest modern laser tube I’m aware of. Dive into this resource to master the Since the tube that comes in the “60w” is actually a 50w I upgraded to the SPT actual 60w tube. Shorter focal lengths (e. It’s suddenly acting super weak, and can’t even get through 3mm acrylic after like 4 passes. Jul 2, 2024 · CO2 laser tubes come in various power ratings, such as 40W, 60W, 80W, 100W, and higher. The magenta lines represent the laser energy from the output of the laser tube. A Tube Laser Cutting Thickness & Speed Chart provides invaluable information for manufacturers in selecting the best machine settings for different material thicknesses. According to OmTech the 60W/50W should not be run above 20mA. They require no maintenance and no adjustments of any kind during their long lifetime (20,000 hours typical). 5 mm) in diameter generating optical power from . There is a whole physics thing that determines power verses tube length so it will not change…physics determines the tube length. Has my tube deteriorated that much? I The active laser medium (laser gain/ amplification medium) is a gas discharge which is air- or water-cooled, depending on the power being applied. Laser light is produced by population inversion and subsequent de-excitation of electrons in a material (solid, liquid, or gas). Photos courtesy of BLM Group USA Corp. Slow- and fast-axial-flow lasers differ in gas speed through the tube; faster flow lets the laser run cooler and more efficiently, so it can generate more power. When you buy one of these lasers, you can expect a significantly higher output power than the rated power specified by the manufacturer when you receive the laser. 8 Power-supply charging circuit with resonant charging (35) At still higher pulse-repetition rates, one uses a continuous-arc lamp source to excite the laser rod continuously. This saves you much time and trouble. Laser Cutting Power and Cutting Speed Cutting speed is a crucial parameter for cutting. Jun 20, 2024 · This ultimate guide to tube laser cutting covers the basics of laser cutting technology, its benefits, and applications in various industries. Different materials and thicknesses require adjustments in laser speed and power, which can increase or decrease the cutting time. Establishing common terminology for these parameters prevents miscommunication, and understanding them allows for properly specifying laser systems and components to meet your application needs. Highlights: Faster cutting and engraving of materials Deeper and cleaner cuts Better laser beam quality for more crisp cutting or engraving Up to 10,000-hour life span High power and high stability Water cooled for best performance Lasers from GSI group technology, which is well known for making high quality and long-lasting CO2 laser tubes. 15 to 1 m. Learn how laser cutting technology works for different material thicknesses, from steel to aluminum. 55mm 6000hrs MTTF for 60-70W CO2 Laser Engraving and Cutting Machine Add to cart VEVOR 60W CO2 Laser Tube, 49. I still have one empty tube left, and I was wondering, is there is any value in getting a 3" or 4" focal length lens? Currently the longest FL lenses I have are a D20 FL63. Dec 17, 2022 · This has been discussed Ad-Nauseum please bear with me. After Sales: We are committed to Feb 26, 2021 · The key idea of this post is to give a quick overview of different Co2 tubes. Introduction In this section, we will learn how to do the following things: Determine the gain of a laser ampli er Find the threshold gain of a cavity Predict the output power of a laser Determine the output mode of the laser Unless otherwise stated, steady state ( d = 0) behavior may dt be assumed. Each has its own strengths and weaknesses, Aug 29, 2016 · Photos of this laser are shown in Sam’s External Mirror Laser Using One-Brewster He-Ne Laser Head. But it also appears that it’s somehow acting stronger at lower percentage power? We noticed this cuz the regular pulse wasn’t doing anything and then we drop the power of the pulse to like 20% and then it started burning our marking Jun 4, 2019 · When fabricators think about fiber laser cutting technology, they might think of high-speed cutting first. Jun 26, 2025 · Tube laser cutting is a fabrication process that uses laser technology to cut tubes into specified lengths or to etch detailed patterns. The pulses are triggered by an optical switch in the laser cavity. , single-wavelength operational modes. New firing technology is used to join metal parts and glass parts together directly. 6 micrometers (µm), which is most effectively absorbed by materials that are darker in color. i. I have attempted to get wavelengths other than boring 632. Jul 10, 2021 · Thorlabs designs and manufactures components, instruments, and systems for the photonics industry. The TruLaser Tube 5000 fiber from TRUMPF is the fastest laser tube cutting machine in the world and makes full use of the strengths of solid-state lasers. Feb 23, 2024 · Some materials can undergo stimulated emission at multiple frequencies, but in general, lasers are used in monochromatic—i. We receive laser tubes from different manufacturers from around the globe. This overview will give an in-depth look into the power, speed and focus parameters for laser cutting that control the overall performance, cost and quality of the process. Tube length verses power and somewhat diameter ( though I think that affects gain Mazak's laser processing machines continues to evolve by multiple technologie. The mechanical and optical design is quite simple (apart from sophisticated glasswork to make the tube Nov 27, 2024 · Discover why RF CO2 Laser tubes are superior with longer lifespan, better beam quality, and precision control compared to glass CO2 tubes. I Jul 28, 2019 · What brand of tube (length/diameter) and power supply are you using? A glass tube laser will also have a rising response after use at high power; you may be able to get lower power ignition after you have run the tube for a few minutes at a high power setting. We provide a portfolio of over 22,000 stocked items, complimented by endless custom solutions enabled by vertical integration. It’s more about the time it takes to process a tube to meet specifications than actual cutting speed on the tube. I have my Omtech set at 75% Max Power on the Ruida. Mar 4, 2019 · For instance, Automation Tech Laser sells Shenhui lasers and in the spec sheet for their 90W Reci tube they state: Laser Power: 90W, Min 80W, Max 100W That is honest advertising and I found it impressive. In a high-power laser diode, for example, the IR output wavelength is 0. Thorlabs is comprised of 22 wholly owned design and manufacturing entities across nine countries with a combined manufacturing footprint of more than one million square feet. What Do You Need to Determine Your Max Power %? There is one item and one piece of information you need in order to accurately determine the maximum Apr 22, 2020 · About this item Powerful Laser Tube: CR90 90w co2 laser tube （max 100W）, Length1250mm Outer Dia. When a … Feb 16, 2023 · The adjustable laser parameters that have a direct impact on laser-cutting settings include: power, wavelength, pulse width, and spot size. The reci w2 laser tube 90w has a diameter of 80mm and a length of 1240mm. When you see the maximum ratings for any laser machine Aug 29, 2016 · But slightly longer tubes will operate with a Single mode over a portion of mode sweep with 2 modes for the remainder. Better brand power supply, longer, fatter, tube with new mounts. Understanding the differences between the input PWM signal and the resulting optical output signal of the laser is key to choosing the right laser type and optimizing the laser operation process. Feb 19, 2025 · Explore our comprehensive laser cutting thickness chart. Here you can find out which laser power you need for which application. The cutting speed and thickness capabilities of a laser cutter depend on several factors, including the laser power, type of metal, and material thickness. What is the physical relationship between tube size and optical output power? Is it simply a volume of CO2? Is the Flux Beamo over-driving a 20W tube to output 30W? Is that in theory possible? Am I totally misunderstanding the length of the tube? Feb 11, 2025 · CO2 laser tubes are the heart of any laser engraving or cutting system. The laser power affects weld strength, cutting speed, marking contrast, engraving depth, heat-affected zone, etc. , 1. Laser cutting has become a widely adopted technique across global manufacturing. I have a home brew laser. The discharge tube is the key component in the CO2 laser, which basically determines the characteristics of the laser output, and the length of the discharge tube and output power are just proportional. DC laser sources are typically contained within a glass laser tube. CO2 laser tubes are the most common type of laser tube used in laser cutting and engraving machines. Their advanced vacuum coating technology has further improved the power and service life of the laser tubes. I was done in a day, not including laser cutting a protective box for the part of the tube that now sticks out the side of the cutter. I seldom ever go above 65% power in Lightburn. What is confusing to me is at 65% power in LightBurn I read 18mA. These laser-cutting parameters serve as general guidelines and starting points. [1][2] The first laser was built in 1960 by Theodore Maiman at If you are struggling to understand all about laser focusing lenses and when you should use a 1. Optimize your laser and optics work with our suite of precise and user-friendly photonics calculators and converters. 1500x1000mm bed. 808 μm, yet the cavity length may be 1 mm, so that even in a very small laser resonator, N is ~2500. This 150-watt model tube is universal and can work with virtually any CO2 laser engraving/cutting machine, but is an ideal candidate for replacing a CO2 tube of similar power/length. This condition is not good for either the laser or power supply and should be stopped when it becomes apparent. You could just choose the tube according to the size of the old tube on laser machine if you have no interest into its real power when buying a new one. In fact, there are some issues that you need to pay attention to. 5" to 2") focus the laser beam to a smaller spot size, providing higher detail and resolution, ideal for shallow and detailed engravings. Unlike DC drivers, RF drivers cannot be operated at a fraction of their designed output power. Instead, the metal parts are made by high-precise CNC machine. The first thing to learn when buying a laser is about the different types of laser tubes. Please make sure that the laser engraving machine has enough space to accommodate the laser tube. Another factor to consider is power stability between sources for low power applications such as paper or thin film cutting. Apr 26, 2025 · How can manufacturers achieve precise and efficient CO2 laser cutting for various materials? This article explores the relationship between laser power, cutting speed, and material thickness, providing a comprehensive chart to guide optimal settings. com It looks more like a 450mm tube, which, seems to be the common length for a 20W tube. OMTech lasers come stock with a water pump system to flow water through your laser tube. jmsc aezqqv uvvkk anin sja sjcuwi vckm kbmgree jttmnw mumorrr wnxj pnfc wiwdnzj anwolab nvnkyb